Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Master Student of Islamic Education and Economics, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Islamic Education and Economics, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran

3 Ph. D Student in Public Administration, Policy Orientation, Institute for Management and Planning Studies, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

 
1- INTRODUCTION
Undoubtly, the development of the border areas, especially the border areas of Sistan, will stabilize the border population, increase the security factor, deterrence, peace and tranquility in the region. Also, since the border areas are extremely important in foreign trade and foreign exchange, the development of these areas will lead to the economic prosperity of the region and the country. Although various dimensions of issues and problems related to border areas have been studied sporadically since the past, but the development of these areas with this title, not only its place in the country's development planning system has not been explained, but also its dimensions and characteristics are less. Therefore, the necessity of conducting scientific studies in this regard is felt more than before and they are identified and studied. In order to achieve comprehensive development, there is a need for national and regional planning, formulation of strategy and identification of development obstacles. In the strategic approach, it is necessary to provide a future perspective and a clear understanding of the future. Therefore, the main issue of this article is how to develop the border areas of Sistan, in other words, how to get the border area of Sistan out of deprivation and poverty. In this article, by examination the capacities and challenges of this province, operational requirements and solutions for the comprehensive development of the border areas will be presented.
 
2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Regional development is also a change in the spatial distribution of economic and social phenomena such as population, income, government revenues, production of various goods and services, transportation facilities and other social infrastructures and even political power (management planning, 2006:11). Regional development often includes two conflicting goals of people's well-being and places' well-being. It is always known in advance that creating employment in the places where people live, due to avoiding psychological and economic costs of migration and natural resources, capital equipment and social infrastructure, is a priority to ensure employment in other places.
According to the studies conducted in this field, it can be said that in connection with the development of border regions, various theories such as the theory of the crystalline central place, the growth pole theory, the theory of the center of growth, the theory of the center around, and the theory of the return of the center are used, each of them with they are designed according to certain conditions and principles and are used at certain levels.
As a result, the theoretical framework of the development of border regions is in the whole framework of regional development. Since the border regions are different from the central regions, this theoretical framework is based on the interpretation of the phenomenon of regional imbalance between the border regions and the central regions. Basically, all theories related to regional development revolve around regional imbalance as the center of their discussions.
 
3- METHODOLOGY
Thematic analysis is a method to recognize, analyze and report patterns in qualitative data. This method is a process for analyzing textual data and transforms scattered and diverse data into rich and detailed data. Thematic analysis is not only a specific qualitative method, but also is a process that can be used in most qualitative methods.
 
4- RESULTS & DISCUSSION
The requirements for the development of Sistan region are:
Solutions related to industry and mining

Creating user industries instead of capital-intensive industries
Investment of government, public, non-government and private sectors in the production sector
Investing in the mining sector of Sistan region

Solutions related to trade facilitation and expansion

Development of border markets
Establishing the economic dependence of Afghanistan for the development of trade relations

Solutions related to agriculture

Negotiating with Afghanistan for extraterritorial cultivation
Completion of the 46,000-hectare plan of His Highness Zeleh Al-Ali
Revival of Hamon International Wetland
Preventing excessive evaporation of surface water
Implementation of deep wells project
Expanding and promoting productive agricultural supply chain
Facilitating contract farming conditions

Solutions related to the field of tourism development

Facilitating medical tourism conditions

Livelihood solutions

Legalizing fuel transportation
Avoiding unmanaged grants
Implementation of the plan of home solar panels with long-term facilities
Implementation of innovative empowerment plansand environment of the region)

 
5- CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS
Sistan and Baluchistan province, being located in a special geographical area, has potential in terms of mineral capacities, clean energy, as well as opportunities for foreign exchange and transit of goods, and is at risk from various economic, cultural and social, political, security and infrastructure challenges. Therefore, any development planning for the province and especially the Sistan region should take into account its special conditions. The province's challenges are mainly caused by weakness in regional development planning, weak diplomacy in water and trade, large size of the province, drought, dominant security perspective, weakness in commercial and property laws and diversity of ethnic groups and religions. The result of the province's problems has caused this province to lose its high position in the production of agricultural products, and by not substituting industry for agriculture, it turned to the service sector over many years, and due to the limitations of the service market, a large number of people to immigrate to this province. This, while disrupting the ethnic composition of other parts of the country, has led to the formation of marginalization, increased statistics of social damage and corruption in this province, and has also depopulated the border, which itself is considered a security threat. The development of Sistan region has its own requirements and according to this situation, it is necessary to comprehensively plan regional development and carefully study the economy and capacities of Pakistan and Afghanistan. In completing and developing the province's infrastructure and industry - especially in the Sistan region - provide the necessary ground to preserve the population structure and prevent the migration of people in this region.

Keywords

Main Subjects

 
References
Abdali, E.; Kalantari Khalilabad, H., & Peyvastehgar, Y. (2019). Spatial - physical analysis of the urban areas based on the smart growth indicators (case study: areas of yāsuj city). Urban Planning Knowledge, 3(2), 83-97. (in Persian)
Ahmadi Por, Z. L.; Moselo heidary, T., & Mirjalali, A. (2001). Explaining the factors of insecurity in southeast iran, Social Security Studies Quarterly, 27, 13-44. (in Persian)
Andalib, A. (2001). Basic principles and principles of preparation of the border areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran: Faculty of Command and Headquarters of The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. (in Persian)
Andalib, A., & Matof, Sh. (2009). Development and security in border regions of Iran, 6(12), 57-76. (in Persian)
Barimani, D.; Rasti, H.; Dehani, M., & Jahantigh, R. (2018). Analysis the relationship of social capital and threatening factors of security (case study: border settlements of sistan and baluchestan). Geography and Territorial Spatial Arrangement, 8(26), 159-178.
Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information, Thematic Analysis and Code Development.
Braun, C., & Peric, A. (2017). Integrated spatial and transport development along european corridors: a look through the lens of stakeholder cooperation. in Real Corp 2017 Panta Rhei–A world in constant motion. proceedings of 22nd international conference on urban planning, Regional Development and Information Society, 291-299.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Ebrahim Zade, E., & Mosavi, M. N. (2016). Geopolitical and geo-economic analysis of the border areas of the southeast of the country and its development strategies, a case study: Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Geography and Development Quarterly, 42, 1-26. (in Persian)
Hafez nia, M. E., & Romina, E. (2005). Analyzing geopoetic capacities of southeast coasts of iran in line with national interests (neglected space), Journal of Geography and Development of Sistan and Baluchistan University, 6, 5-20. (in Persian)
Jashri, S., & Moradi, E. (2019). Developing strategies for the development of the agricultural economy in the rural areas of sistan and baluchistan province with a future research approach, Space Economy and Rural Development Quarterly, 8(3), 51-66. (in Persian)
Johnson, D. A. (2002). Regional planning history of international encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences, University of Tennessee, USA: 12925–12930.
Khalili, M. et al., (2011). The geo-economic aspects of the development of the southeast region of iran, Foreign Relations Quarterly, 3(4). (in Persian)
Laird, J. J., & Venables, A. J. (2017). Transport investment and economic performance: a framework for project appraisal. Transport Policy, 56, 1-11.
Mak B. Arvin.; Rudra, P. Pradhan., & Neville R. Norman. (2015). Transportation intensity, urbanization, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in the G-20: Utilities Policy, Volume 35, August 2015, 50–66
Management Planning Khorasan Razavi (2006). Statistical Yearbook of Khorasan Razavi 2005: 118. (in Persian)
Matof, Sh. (1997). Biological regionalism and the possibility of using it in iran's regional planning, Monthly Program and Budget, 15. (in Persian)
Matof, Sh. (2002). Investigating the phenomenon of regional imbalances against the development of the country and extracting lessons from the development plan of the border city of nehbandan to be used in the formulation of the fourth development plan of the country, A Collection of Papers of The Iran Development Challenges and Prospects Conference, Teran: Sharia Tos Publications. (in Persian)
Meier, R. (2000). A new introduction to political geography, translated by Dr. Dare Mirhaider and Seyed Yahya Safavi, Teran: Geographical Organization of The Armed Forces
Mirlotfi, et al., (2014). Analysis of the social-economic effects of building a border wall on the rural areas of sistan, Journal of Applied Research of Geographical Sciences
Mokhtari, H., et al. (2016). Investigating the security stability of the border villages of sistan and baluchistan province, Sarzemin Geographical Quarterly, 14(54), 43-60. (in Persian)
Parnian, H.; Ziarati, K. A.; Miree, M., & Modiri, M. (2016). Development strategies of border areas with the land improvement approach (study area: urmia: selmas), Scientific-Research Quarterly of Geographical Information, 24(106), 178. (in Persian)
Pishgahi fard, Z., & Mirzaee kohshhi, M. (2011). Explanation of obstacles to the optimal management of the borders of the islamic republic of iran and pakistan, Defense Strategy Quarterly, 9(35). (in Persian)
Pishgahi fard, Z., & Soltani khalifani, N. (2009). Analysis of Iran and turkey's territorial settlement policies in neighboring border areas, Journal of Human Geography Research, 69, 17-27. (in Persian)
Por shahabi et al., (2017). Presenting a local model to improve the development level of sitan and baluchistan province with a sustainable development approach, Public Management Research Quarterly, 10(38), 117-143. (in Persian)
Shahraki moghadam, H. et al., (2020). Road transit and its effects on the development of rural economy in Sistan region, Quarterly Journal of Space Economy and Rural Development, 9(1), 113-130. (in Persian)
Shiea, E. (2006). Introduction to the principles of urban planning, Publication of Elmo Sanat University, Seventeenth printing.
Soja, EW. (2009). Regional planning and development theories, International Encyclopedia of Human Geography,
 University of California – Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA:259–270.
Yaghfory, H., & Beheshti Far, J. (2012). Analysis of capacities and limitations in the direction of regional development with an emphasis on the improvement of iran's border areas. case study: sistan and baluchestan province, National Conference on Border Cities and Security; Challenges and Approaches, 91, 1. (in Persian)
Zali, et al., (2021). Investigating the mutual relationship between security and development in border areas of iran (case study: cities of sistan and baluchistan province), Human Geography Research Quarterly, 53(3), 1143-1163
Ziari, K. (2004). Schools and theories and models and regional planning program, Yazd University, first printing.
CAPTCHA Image