نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز

2 دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تطبیقی رقابت­پذیری شهرستان‌های استان آذربایجان شرقی طی سال‌های 1385-1395 است. این پژوهش از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و ازلحاظ ماهیت، توصیفی-تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل شهرستان‌های استان آذربایجان شرقی است. جمع­آوری داده­ها به‌صورت کتابخانه‌ای است که به‌منظور تحلیل وضعیت رقابت‌پذیری استان از 39 متغیر برای سال 1385 و 44 متغیر برای سال 1395 بهره گرفته شده است. جهت تعیین اهمیت نسبی متغیرها از روش آنتروپی شانون و برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده­ها نیز از روش پرومته استفاده شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که شهرستان‌های استان به لحاظ رقابت‌پذیری از تفاوت‌های عمده‌ای در هر دو سرشماری 1385 و 1395 برخوردار بوده‌اند. بااین‌وجود در سال 1395 شاهد بهبود نسبی در وضعیت رقابت‌پذیری شهرستان‌های استان هستیم؛ بدین‌صورت که در سطح بسیار بالای رقابت‌پذیری، یک شهرستان، در سطح دوم با رقابت‌پذیری بالا چهار شهرستان‌، در سطح متوسط هفت شهرستان‌، در سطح پایین پنج شهرستان‌ و در سطح بسیار پایین رقابت‌پذیری دو شهرستان‌ قرار گرفته‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comparative Study of the Competitiveness of the Cities of East Azerbaijan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • rasoul ghorbani 1
  • ameneh alibakhshi 2

1 Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Ph. D Student in Geography and Urban Planning, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

 
1- INTRODUCTION
The concept of competitiveness was often formed in response to the question why some countries are richer than others. A question that was raised since the period of Adam Smith and is a concern of many governments until today. So that in recent years, the concept of competitiveness has become a common term in urban, regional and national economic analyzes and policies. Globalization and the economy based on information knowledge and removing the borders of countries have gradually reduced the geographical position of competition from national to regional scale, and since the 1990s, the concept of regional competitiveness has become a dominant issue in the public circles of developed countries and some developing countries. It was done so that countries can achieve a clear set of policies to strengthen regional development. In the meantime, East Azarbaijan province with 20 cities has high potential capacities and advantages in various fields, which has made it different from many other provinces in the country. And its competition with other provinces of the country. Therefore, one of the most important platforms for creating a competitive city is to pay attention to the common and current indicators in the field of competition. Because knowing the effective indicators in the competitiveness of different areas and the inequality between them is considered as the basis of work in planning, which causes inequality to be eliminated and the current situation to be transformed into the desired situation. In this regard, in order to measure the level of competition between regions, various indicators have been presented at the global level, and in this article, different indicators have been combined with each other, and due to the lack of access to many indicators, the proposed indicators have been replaced.
 
2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Since the 1990s, competitiveness has become an important theory in the public policy of developed countries and then one of the key issues in urban and regional planning theories. Various views have been presented about it. The first point of view is the doctrine of mercantilists, who believe that the most intuitive definition of competitiveness is the criterion of action and consider the economic competitiveness of countries in international contexts as possible in the way of companies, and their prosperity and recovery from existing crises depends on increasing the competitiveness of the national economy and establishing the trade balance is positive. The second point of view in this field is the Porter doctrine. Porter extended the concept of competitiveness, which was only discussed at the level of enterprises, in the mid-1990s, believing in the importance of the role of the external business environment in creating competitiveness to the territory level. The third point of view is the Paul Grossman. This point of view has been raised in the criticism of Porter's point of view, and the competitiveness which was mentioned in Porter's point of view as the meaning of increasing economic productivity in comparison with competitors for the economy of countries has been empirically unfounded and has called the comparison of place with the company as baseless.
 
3- METHODOLOGY
The current research is descriptive and analytical in terms of application and nature. Library method was used to collect data and Prometheus multi-criteria decision-making method was used for data analysis.
 
4- RESULTS & DISCUSSION
In the current research, 39 indicators for 2006 and 45 variables for 2016 were used in 6 different dimensions in order to investigate the competitiveness of the cities of East Azarbaijan province. The used indices have been descaled after softening by the norm method, then to express the relative importance of the used variables, each of them has been weighted using Shannon's entropy method. The results of variable weighting show that in 2006, variables such as the number of literate people, the number of high school students, the number of middle school students, employment rate, teaching staff and the number of active landlines and for 2015, the total number of literate people , the number of electricity subscribers, the number of active fixed telephone lines, the number of high school students, the number of middle school students, the number of elementary school students, the number of pharmacies, the number of dentists, the number of library members, the number of veterinarians, and the number of state bank branches have the highest weight. To other variables have been obtained. In the following, after determining the weight of each of the desired variables, using the Prometheus method, the competitiveness level of the cities of the province has been leveled. Based on the results obtained from the Prometheus method for 2016, the cities of the province are placed in 5 levels from very high competitiveness to very low competitiveness. Of these, one city is in the highly competitive category, 4 cities with high competitiveness, 6 cities with low competitiveness, and 5 cities are in the level of cities with very low competitiveness. Also, the results of data analysis for 2016 show that one city is at a very high level, four cities are at a high level, seven cities are at an average level, six cities are at a low level of competitiveness and two cities are at a very low level of competitiveness.
 
5- CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS
By comparing the level of competitiveness of the cities of East Azarbaijan province in 2015 compared to 2005, it shows that the greatest improvement is related to the cities of Maragheh, Mianeh, Kalibar and Azarshahr, which is mainly due to the development of communication networks, the growth of mining and industrial activities and the expansion of tourism in the cities. It has been mentioned. On the other hand, Varzeghan, Shabestar and Osku cities have improved less than other cities, and because of this is different between cities. Also, in terms of competitiveness, the cities of the province have improved in 2015 compared to 2005, so that out of 5 cities that were in the category of cities with very low competitiveness in 2005, they have decreased to two cities in 2015 and more. The cities have had a positive movement.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Competitiveness
  • Shannon Entropy
  • Prometheus
  • East Azerbaijan
References
Abdullah, J. (2012). City competitiveness and urban sprawl: Their implications to socio-economic and cultural life in Malaysian cities. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 50, 20-29.
AliAkbari, I., Akbari, M., Ansari, M & Bustan Ahmadi, V. (2019). Measurement and analysis of competitiveness indicators in West Asian countries with emphasis on Iran, Regional Planning, 9(33), 1-14. (in persian)
AliAkbari. I., Khodadadkashi. F & Kamasi. H, (2018). Assessing the Economic Competitiveness of Iran's Metropolises, Regional Planning Quarterly, 8(29), 13-26. (in persian)
Bogdanovic, D., Nikolic, D & Ilic, I. (2012). Mining method selection by integrated AHP and PROMETHEE method, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 84(1), 219-233.
Brans, J. & Mareschal, B. (2005). PROMETHEE method cited at: Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis: State of the Art Surveys, Springer, New York.
Brans, J.P & Mareschal, B. (1994). The PROMCALC & GAIA decision support system for multicriteria decision aidi, Decision Support Systems, 12, 297-310.
Brans, J.P., Vincke, Ph & Marechal, B. (1986).  How to select and how to rank projects: The PROMETHEE method, European Journal of Operational Research, 24, 228- 238.
Caterino, N., Iervolino, I., Manfredi, G & Cosenza, E. (2008). A Comparative Analysis of Decision-Making Methods For The Seismic Retrofit Of Rc Buildings, The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China.
Chou, T.Y., Lin, W.T., Lin, Ch. Y., Chou, W. Ch & Huang, P. (2004). Application of the PROMETHEE technique to determine depression outlet location and flow direction in DEM. Journal of Hydrology, 287(1–4), 49–61.
Cochrane, A. (2007). Competitiveness, the market, and urban entrepreneurialism. Understanding urban policy: A critical approach. 85-103
Dadashpour, H & Dehdeh jani, M, (2015), Identifying and prioritizing the root factors affecting the competitiveness of the study areas: Kurdistan Province, Regional Planning, 5 (19), 27-.
De Leeneer, I & Pastijn, H. (2002). Selecting land mine detection strategies by means of outranking MCDM techniques, European Journal Operational Research, 139, 327-338.
East Azerbaijan planning document, (2018). management summary of East Azerbaijan province planning document, Deputy of Development and Planning, 5-441. (in persian)
Faizpour. M. A., Mojibifar. M & Mehdizadeh Shahi. M, (2017). Urban Competitiveness and Tehran's position among the metropolises of Iran, Political Arrangement of Space, 1 (1), 23-30. (in persian)
Ghorbani. R & Kazemizad. Sh, (2019). An Analysis of the Factors Affecting Urban Competitiveness Based on the Case Study Methodology: Tabriz, Quarterly Journal of Geography and Urban-Regional Planning, 9 (30), 19-38. (in persian)
Gilliams, S., Raymaekers, D & Muys, B. (2005). Comparing multiple criteria decision methods to extend a geographical information system on afforestation, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 49, 142–158.
Gundersen, F., Langeland, O & Aarhaug, J. (2017). Work place location, transport and urban competitiveness: The Oslo case. Transportation Research Procedia, 26, 196-206. ‏
Eftkharnia, M., Ziari, K & Naderi, M, (2021). Explaining the framework of sustainable competitiveness for spatial development in Arak region, Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, 21 (62), 357-381. (in persian)
Jamali, F., Rostaei, Sh & Paying Gharavi, M, (2018). Evaluation of the Causal Model of Criteria Affecting Urban Competitiveness with Fuzzy Dimtel Approach, Quarterly Journal oOf Urban Economics and Management, 6 (23), 15-33. (in persian)
Jiang, Y & Shen, J. (2010). Measuring the urban competitiveness of Chinese cities in 2000. Cities, 27(5), 307–314.
Jiang, Y & Shen, J. (2013). Weighting for what? A comparison of two weighting methods for measuring urban competitiveness, Habitat International, 38, 167-174.
Kwon, S., Kim, J & Oh, D. S. (2012). Measurement of Urban Competitiveness Based on Innovation Indicators in Six Metropolitan Cities in Korea. World Technopolis Review, 1(3), 177-185. ‏
Khezrai Sholai Far, M & KarkehAbadi, Z, (2017), Investigating factors affecting urban competitiveness based on the model proposed by Saez and relying on the concept of Coopetition, case study: Tehran City, New Attitudes in Human Geography, 11(1), 111-130. (in persian)
Liu, X., Guo, H., Li, Y., Li, Y & Pan, W. (2016). Measuring the urban competitiveness of Chinese cities based on multi-attribute decision making approach, International Journal of Sustainable Development19(4), 315-341 ‏
Mohammadi Aidghamish. F & Rafieian. M, (2017). Evaluation of Territorial Competitiveness Components in the Provinces of the Country Using the Integrated Model of Factor Analysis and Network Analysis Process, Economic Research and Regional Development, 24 (13), 55-85. (in persian)
Mohammadi Khiyareh. M & Rostami, N, (2018). A Study of the Relationship between Entrepreneurship, Competitiveness and Economic Growth, Quarterly Journal of Technology Growth, 15 (75), 14-23. (in persian)
Moradi. F., Saeedeh Zarabadi. Z. S & Majedi. H, (2017). Explaining the urban branding model in order to promote competitiveness and growth of the urban economy using the F’ANP model, Journal of Urban Economics and Management, 6 (2), 33-56 (in persian).
Nazmfar, H., Eshghi Chaharborj, A & Alavi, S, (2017). A Study of the Economic Competitiveness of Iranian Cities, Economics and Urban Management, 5 (4), 23-38. (in persian)
Nejati Hosseini, S. M. (2011), Urban Politics and Urban Diplomacy (from theory to experience), Historical Sociology, 3)2), 117-142.
Pengfei, N & Qinghu, H. (2006). Comparative research on the global urban competitiveness, Beijing, China: Chinese Academy for Social Sciences. ‏
Popescu, R. I. (2011). Study regarding the ways of measuring cities competitiveness, Economia. Seria Management, 14(2), 288-30.
Poursafavi, S. M & Jafari, S, (2017). Evaluation of regional competitiveness in functional urban areas of Mazandaran province using cluster analysis, Human Geography Research, 49 (4), 807-820 (in persian).
Rabieh, M & Khajavi, M, (2013). Explaining Competitiveness Strategies in Tehran, Strategic Management Studies, 4 (15), 37-56 (in persian).
Saez, L & Perianez, I. (2015). Benchmarking urban competitiveness in Europe to attract investment. Cities, 48, 76-85 ‏
Sasanpour, F & Hatami, A. (2017).Spatial analysis of educational competitiveness of the country's provinces, Journal of Economics and Urban Management, 5, 45-61. (in persian)
Schwab, K. (2013). The Global Competitiveness Report 2013. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
Segota, A., Tomljanovic, M & Hudek, I. (2017). Contemporary approaches to measuring competitiveness–the case of EU member states, Journal of Economics and Business, 35(1), 123-150. ‏
Sharifzadegan, M. H & Nedayi Tusi, S, (2016). Appropriate Assessment of the Application of Success Components of Regional Development Competitiveness in Iran, Human Geography Research, 48, 105-123 (in persian).
Sharifzadegan, M. H., Nedayi Tusi, S, (2015). Spatial Development Framework of Regional Competitiveness in Iran Case Study: 30 Provinces, Journal of Fine Arts-Architecture and Urban Planning, 20(3), 5-20. (in persian)
So, M. S., & Shen, J. (2004). Measuring urban competitiveness in China. Asian geographer, 23(1-2), 71-91.‏
Turok, I. (2004). Cities, Regions and Competitiveness, Regional Studies, 38(9), 1069- 1083.
Vukovic, D & Wei, L. (2010).  Regional competitiveness: the case of western China, Journal of The Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic. SASA, 60(1), 107-124.
Wu, Y., Wanga, Y., Chena, K., Xu, C & Li, L. (2017).  Social sustainability assessment of small hydropower with hesitant PROMETHEE method, Sustainable Cities and Society, 35, 522–537.
CAPTCHA Image