Mohammad Ali Feizpour; fateme asayesh
Abstract
1- INTRODUCTION
In the urban economics literature - which does not have much history in Iran - it has been shown that the performance of cities depends on their structure. In other words, there is a significant relationship between the performance of the city and its structure. Accordingly, ...
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1- INTRODUCTION
In the urban economics literature - which does not have much history in Iran - it has been shown that the performance of cities depends on their structure. In other words, there is a significant relationship between the performance of the city and its structure. Accordingly, despite such a relationship, the future performance of cities can be predicted based on their structural changes. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate the trend of structural changes in Iranian cities as well as the regional differences of the urban system and based on the first urban position.
2- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Although there have been many studies examining primary urban indicators in each region, based on the research conducted in this study, a study examining primary urban indicators by city in all provinces of Iran for the period leading up to the 2016 census, have not been observed. This makes this study different from other studies in this field. Thus, this paper is innovative in comparison to previous studies in two respects. First, it used the nine primate city indicators individually to realize the primary cities of all cities in the country, as well as all cities in each province in the country, and compared them among them. In addition, the rank-size rule has been used to measure the balance or imbalance in population distribution. However, in previous studies, primary cities have been calculated only for cities across the country or in specific regions, and only a few of these indicators have been used, with no comparison between them. Second, the survey period in this study covers the year 2016, based on the most recent information available in the field. However, primate city surveys of cities across the country (to the knowledge of the researchers in this study) have not been conducted until the last census period.
3- METHODOLOGY
This study is designed to investigate the trend of structural changes in Iranian cities as well as the regional differences of the urban system and based on the first urban position. To achieve this goal, this paper have been used nine Primate City indexes Including primate city Index, Two City Index, Ginsberg Index, Mehta's Four City Index, Moomaw & Alwosabi Index, Herfindahl Concentration Index, Herfindahl Deconcentration Index, Entropy Index and Mousavi urban domination. The data of this study are extracted from the census in Iran of 1976 to 2016.
4- RESULTS & DISCUSSION
The results show that the primate city phenomenon in the urban system of Iran has existed throughout this period. Also, the primate city indicators in these years show the move towards more balance in the urban system of the country. However, the primate city rate has decreased during the studied years and the decreasing trend in the studied indicators is consistent with each other. However, according to the available evidence, the results show the creation of prime cities in the Iranian urban system instead of a prime city. Also, based on the results of this study, the majority of the studied indicators up to 2006 show that the highest and lowest urban prime rates were in Tehran and Mazandaran provinces. Qom province has the highest urban prime in the urban system of Iran since 2006. Accordingly, it can be expected that the change in the structure of Iran's urban system will provide the way for future functional changes in them.
5- CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS
The status of primate cities in different regions is influenced by situational characteristics and urban location. The study of regional primate cities during the study period, using Mehta's Four City Index, showed that border regions and regions close to border points have shifted from a predominant primate city status to a desirable or minimal status. This is because the flow of domestic goods and services moves from larger centers to smaller centers, and as this flow passes through different regions to reach the center, its impact is felt in intermediate regions, causing the primate city phenomenon in some domestic states (especially those close to other regions from the center of domestic goods and services).
Mohammad Ali Feizpour; Abolfazl Shahmohammadi Mehrjardi
Abstract
Abstract
Almost, the traditional comparative advantage indices especially employment, value added and profitability are considered in all studies in the context of regional comparative advantage. While the study of comparative advantage, regardless of the sustainable development indices is a flawed ...
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Abstract
Almost, the traditional comparative advantage indices especially employment, value added and profitability are considered in all studies in the context of regional comparative advantage. While the study of comparative advantage, regardless of the sustainable development indices is a flawed study. Therefore, in this study, in the first stage, Iranian provinces are ranked according to employment, value added and profitability and then, air pollution indices are added into the analysis. The development level of each province is calculated by using the Technique for the Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and 2005 data which are presented by Statistical Center of Iran. The results show that the comparative advantage of areas with and without consideration of sustainable development indices is quite distinct from each other. Hence as a policy recommendation, determination of regional comparative advantages regardless of sustainability indices would be not a good Guide for regional industrial planning.
Keywords: Air Pollution, Comparative Advantage, Iranian Manufacturing Industries, Sustainable Development.
JELClassification: Qo1, L52, Q56, Q53.
Mohammad Ali Feizpour; Golsa Salehi Firozabadi; Mozhgan Baghaipoor
Abstract
Abstract
Tax can be discussed from various aspects and in the meantime, evaluation the tax system performance is very important. This article try to point this out in 2005 and 2008 (the second and final year of the forth development plan) in the Iranian economy and in provinces separately. To enable ...
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Abstract
Tax can be discussed from various aspects and in the meantime, evaluation the tax system performance is very important. This article try to point this out in 2005 and 2008 (the second and final year of the forth development plan) in the Iranian economy and in provinces separately. To enable this comparison and homogeneity, Iranian provinces are divided into three groups (developed, less developed and underdeveloped) according to the industrial and mining logistic project by the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade. In addition, the three criteria of number of employees, value added of industry and services sectors, as well as the number of declaration of tax resources are used as tax system inputs and the summation of direct taxes and taxes on goods and services is also used as output. The results of this study, which was conducted by DEA, indicate that the efficiency of the tax system represents a clear distinction, even in terms of homogeneous industrial development (non-industrial development) groups, especially in developed and less developed provinces. This finding suggests that the tax system can increase its performance, especially in industrial developed and less developed provinces, to significantly increase the amount of tax.
Keywords: Efficiency, Provinces Tax Administration, DEA, Industrial Development
JEl: H21, C14, O14
