Public sector economics
Rosa Mahdi Taaban Juaifari; sara ghobadi; Amjad Subhi Sahib; Hossein Sharifi renani
Abstract
On the one hand, crony capitalism provides the basis for the use of clean technologies and, as a result, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions by allocating funds to government-supported industries, and on the other hand, it leads to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions by weakening competitiveness ...
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On the one hand, crony capitalism provides the basis for the use of clean technologies and, as a result, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions by allocating funds to government-supported industries, and on the other hand, it leads to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions by weakening competitiveness and disrupting the optimal allocation of resources. This article aims to analyze the effect of crony capitalism on carbon dioxide emissions in a selection of OPEC countries during the period 1996-2023 using the PQARDL method. The results show that in the short term, crony capitalism has led to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions in the low and middle quantiles, while in the long term, it has led to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions in the middle and upper quantiles. On the other hand, fossil fuel consumption, gross domestic product, and industrial value added have had a positive effect on carbon dioxide emissions in the short and long term. Population had no effect in the short run in all quantiles but had a positive effect on carbon dioxide emissions in the long run. The results of the Wald test show that in the long run, crony capitalism, fossil fuel consumption, GDP, and population had an asymmetric effect and industrial value added had a symmetric effect on carbon dioxide emissions, but in the short run, the effect of all independent variables on carbon dioxide emissions was symmetric.
oil
Roa'a Mohammed kadhim; sara ghobadi; Hussein Shnawa Majeed Al-Zerkani; Hossein Sharifi Renani
Abstract
The household is one of the important institutions of the society, which has the role of cultivating the labor force and turning it into human capital. This important institution faces risks and harmful issues, the ability to deal with them affects the well-being of the family members and, as a result, ...
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The household is one of the important institutions of the society, which has the role of cultivating the labor force and turning it into human capital. This important institution faces risks and harmful issues, the ability to deal with them affects the well-being of the family members and, as a result, the society. In oil exporting countries, oil price shocks are important factors that affect all aspects of the economy, including the household risk preparation. The aim of the current research is to analyze the symmetrical and asymmetrical effects of oil price shocks on household risk preparation in 10 selected oil exporting countries during the period of 2002-2021. For this purpose, first, the index of the household risk preparation was created using the variables of access to financial resources, social support, human capital and the economic capacity of the government and by applying the principal component analysis (PCA) method for the studied period. To achieve the mentioned goal, the principal component analysis (PMG) and the nonlinear panel autoregressive distributed lags method (PNARDL) were used. The results showed that estimation by nonlinear PNARDL method is more efficient than linear PMG method. The results of PNARDL indicated that in the long run, the positive oil price shock has led to an increase in the household risk preparation, while the negative oil price shock has led to a decrease in the the household risk preparation. Other variables in the model, including the global demand for oil and capital, have led to an increase in the the household risk preparation, and the increase in population has led to its decrease. The error correction coefficient also shows that in each period, 35.4% of short-term imbalances have been adjusted and moved towards their long-term trend. The result of the symmetry test indicated the symmetry of positive and negative oil price shocks in the short term and their asymmetry in the long term.
