economic development
hamidreza ARBAB
Abstract
In recent years, CO2 emissions have become a global concern, exacerbated by population growth, rapid economic development, and industrialization. Countries in the MENA region, as the largest producers and exporters of fossil fuels globally, have been significant contributors to climate change and have ...
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In recent years, CO2 emissions have become a global concern, exacerbated by population growth, rapid economic development, and industrialization. Countries in the MENA region, as the largest producers and exporters of fossil fuels globally, have been significant contributors to climate change and have thus attracted considerable attention. Against this backdrop, the present study investigates the impact of macroeconomic variables on CO2 emissions in MENA countries. To achieve this objective, annual panel data from 1990 to 2023 were collected for 19 MENA member countries. The key variables included per capita CO2 emissions (dependent variable), urbanization rate, agriculture, renewable energy consumption, foreign direct investment (FDI), per capita internet usage as a proxy for information and communication technology (ICT), gross domestic product (GDP), and its square. All variables were sourced from the World Bank. Considering the influence of lagged dependent variables on recurring CO2 emissions, the generalized method of moments (GMM) was employed. The results of Hansen and Sargan tests validated the instruments used in both Difference GMM and System GMM estimations. The main findings revealed that the selected macroeconomic variables significantly impact CO2 emissions. Increases in urbanization, agriculture, FDI, and GDP lead to increased CO2 emissions, while renewable energy consumption contributes to reduced emissions. Furthermore, the relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions was confirmed to be nonlinear and inverse (inverted U-shaped curve).
economic development
Reza Rahmati; Yavar Azizi
Abstract
The most important subjects around develpment are the fonnection between people and government in a way of developing society.people becuse of their role in society have much imprtance in governments workout and can play an important part in developing.One of the features of the rentier system is converting ...
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The most important subjects around develpment are the fonnection between people and government in a way of developing society.people becuse of their role in society have much imprtance in governments workout and can play an important part in developing.One of the features of the rentier system is converting the social system to a rentier syatem.in a connection of sociql and political parts of system,behaviours caused by rent effects the teo sided function of government and society and this connection in rantier societies which is more based on gifted bless is more clear to see and feelThe process of the changes devided in two parts:befor and after of oil; one of the examples for research is Iran Iran has the ellegant features of a rantier system and because of the imprtant role of petrol industry in this country we can devided this into two parts including befor oil and after oil and than analyse it.
economic development
MEHDI MOHAMMADIRAZ; Maryam Shareyfnejad; Mohammad hassan Fotros
Abstract
The negative externalities due to the extension of the economic production activities, including climate crises caused by fossil fuels and the crisis of exhaustion of reserves of these fuels, have turned attention to the replacement of renewable energy with non-renewable energy sources. So extensive ...
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The negative externalities due to the extension of the economic production activities, including climate crises caused by fossil fuels and the crisis of exhaustion of reserves of these fuels, have turned attention to the replacement of renewable energy with non-renewable energy sources. So extensive studies in this issues, it was formed to examine the factors affecting the consumption of clean fuels. This paper investigates the effect of income inequality and some other macroeconomic variables on renewable energy consumption in developing countries during 1990 to 2022 using the ARDL-PMG econometric method. According to the results the negative and significant effect of income inequality and the positive and significant effect of gross domestic product on renewable energy consumption were confirmed, which clarifies the need to pay attention to the importance of reducing economic inequality in order to achieve the environmental goals of development. moreover, the effect of trade openness was negative and the effect of real oil price was positive. According to the results of the research, it is recommended that policymakers and economic decision-makers consider the results of this and similar research in their development plans in order to reduce the environmental externality of economic production activities and achieve clean energy, which is the axis of sustainable development.
economic development
Derakhsan Abdonaser; Alireza Abroud; Farshid Ahmadi Farsani
Abstract
امروزه توسعه مالی به طور گسترده به عنوان یک کاتالیزور کلیدی برای رشد و پیشرفت اقتصادی شناخته شده است. با این حال، تأثیر توسعه مالی بر پایداری محیطزیست نامشخص است. علاوه ...
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امروزه توسعه مالی به طور گسترده به عنوان یک کاتالیزور کلیدی برای رشد و پیشرفت اقتصادی شناخته شده است. با این حال، تأثیر توسعه مالی بر پایداری محیطزیست نامشخص است. علاوه بر این، ممکن است توسعه مالی اثرات غیرخطی و متفاوتی بر پایداری محیطزیست در کشورهای مختلف داشته باشد. از اینرو، هدف این مطالعه، مقایسه اثرات نامتقارن توسعه مالی بر ردپای اکولوژیکی در سه کشور خاورمیانه (ایران، ترکیه و عربستان) با رهیافت الگوی خودرگرسیونی با وقفههای توزیعی غیرخطی (NARDL) طی دوره زمانی 1990- 2022 میباشد. تجزیه و تحلیل نامتقارن، نتایج قابل توجهی را در مورد تفاوت اثرات مثبت و منفی توسعه مالی بر محیطزیست ارائه میدهد. در مورد ایران، افزایش توسعه مالی سبب افزایش ردپای اکولوژیکی میشود در حالی که افزایش بخش مالی ترکیه و عربستان به بهبود محیطزیست کمک میکند. بهرحال کاهش توسعه مالی اثر معناداری از نظر آماری بر ردپای اکولوژیکی در ایران و عربستان ندارد ولی سبب بدتر شدن کیفیت محیطزیست میشود. بنابراین یافتهای تجربی، این مطالعه پیامدهای سیاستی متفاوتی برای هر کشور در جهت دستیابی به توسعه پایدار ارائه میدهد.
economic development
Hamid Asayesh; hadi rahmanifazli; reza shamsollahi; fattaneh niknam
Abstract
Income inequality is one of the most important economic and social issues governing any society, which is influenced by various economic and non-economic factors. Meanwhile, paying attention to issues such as good governance and related components is one of the most important factors affecting income ...
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Income inequality is one of the most important economic and social issues governing any society, which is influenced by various economic and non-economic factors. Meanwhile, paying attention to issues such as good governance and related components is one of the most important factors affecting income inequality in different societies. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to investigate the impact of governance components on income inequality in OPEC member countries during the period of 2002-2021 using the Pamel ARDL model. The obtained results indicate that an increase of one unit of corruption has led to an increase of 1.46 units in the Gini coefficient. Oil revenues have had a positive effect on income inequality. So that with the increase of one unit of oil revenues, the Gini coefficient (index of income inequality) has increased by 0.059 units. Political stability has a negative impact on income inequality. So that an increase of one unit in the political stability of income inequality decreases by 4.156 units. The quality and efficiency of the government has a negative impact on income inequality. So that with an increase of one unit in quality and efficiency, income inequality decreases by 1.106 units in OPEC member countries. Government size has a positive effect on income inequality. Thus, with the increase of one unit of government size, income inequality in OPEC member countries has increased by 0.374.
