Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 PhD student in Economics, Department of Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Administrative and Economic Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Administrative and Economic Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Abstract
The high share of women in today's economy and its increasing trend in the future show the necessity of addressing women's issues more than ever. The purpose of this research is to study the dimensions of the impact of gender inequalities on the women's human development index. For this purpose, the nonlinear panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) approach has been used. The statistical population includes 142 countries during the years 2000-2022. The modeling results indicate two thresholds of the degree of exposure to the globalization process of countries, which classify them into 3 levels. Given the existence of a nonlinear relationship between the dimensions of gender inequality and the women's human development index, this relationship changes slope at two threshold points. This means that the direction and amount of the impact of the main variables of the model on the women's human development index in different countries is different according to the level of participation in the globalization process. The most important influencing variable that has a positive effect on women's development in different countries and in any situation is the increase in equality in health status, which has a share of (0.12). After that, the improvement of the governance index and the women's legal and political index (WBL) have less positive effects on the women's human development index, respectively. The coefficient of influence of the variables of the educational, economic and political dimensions of gender inequality on the human development index is negative and at the same time very small (-0.015, -0.003 and -0.0007). Accordingly, it seems that if governments place women's health as one of the main drivers of human development at the center of their economic and social policies, they will have the greatest impact in this way.
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