Evaluation and Analyzing Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and Business Environment of Iran Provinces by PFB Approach

Document Type : مقالات پژوهشی

Authors

• Asyeh Nejad Taheri ¹
• Ali Karshenasan ²
• mohsen mohammadi ²

¹ Master of Entrepreneurship, Gonbad e Kavous University

² Asisstant Professor of Economics, Gonbad e Kavous University

https://doi.org/10.22067/erd.2021.18839.0

Abstract

Introduction
The aim of this study is the evaluation of entrepreneurship ecosystem of Iran provinces and its performance. In this regard, using Iran entrepreneurship ecosystem monitoring data, in 2019 which focused on institutional quality and individual dimensions of entrepreneurship ecosystem. Penalty for bottlenecked approach used to evaluate which pillars of entrepreneurship ecosystem in each province must be cared more. So then, in order to present a dynamic imagination of optimized allocation of policy making activities to maximize the values of business environment index and improving business environment of the provinces by PFB method introduced.
Theoretical Framework
Entrepreneurship development as a major policy for economic growth and Development identified and emphasized in literature (Acs 2008, Szerb et al., 2016, Baumol 2003). While entrepreneurship has gained quick and ardent acceptance from practitioners in the policy agenda since its appearance, entrepreneurship policy as a quasi-independent field apart from public and small business policy has just been emerging recently ( Acs – Szerb 2007; Lunstrom – Stevenson 2005). Improving the business environment index pillars in country by focus on the weakest pillar is a strategy of Penalty for Bottlencked Approach in this regard, the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index (GEDI) methodology of Acs et al. (2013) utilized.
Methodology
The penalty for bottleneck method which used in Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index (GEDI) methodology of Acs et al. (2013) identifies the weakest pillar ecosystem. So ecosystem performance will improve by identifying the bottleneck as weakest pillar and actions to improve it. Simulations of bottleneck measure the scale of improvement of business environment index accordingly.
Discussion
The simulated indices table of business environment components of provinces designed and findings indicates the necessity of concentration of policy making and present resources to improve the weakest pillars of each province. Mostly developed provinces including Isfahan, Razavi Khorasan, East Azerbaijan, Markazi, Mazandaran and Boushehr feel weakness in legal environment. While developing provinces including Alborz, Fars, Kordistan, Golestan, Hamedan, Ardebil and Chaharmalao bakhtiari indicates weakness in financial pillar. Also some other provinces report the cultural and educational environment pillar weakness including. Technology and innovation environment in industrial and trade hub provinces like Isfahan, Boushehr, Markazi and Hormozgan identified as superior pillar.
Conclusion and Suggestions
    The provinces by demographic advantages including markets access, export market accesses and transmission infrastructure have geographical advantages. Based on data simulation conducted on entrepreneurship ecosystem pillars of provinces, findings illustrates due to access 11 percent improvement on entrepreneurship ecosystem index needs to future efforts as 16 percent in macroeconomic environment pillar, 15 percent in financial environment pillar, 18 percent in legal environment pillar. 

Keywords

• Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
• Business Environment
• Penalty for Bottlenecked
• Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Bottlenecks

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