بررسی ارتباط میان فراوانی منابع طبیعی و سرمایه انسانی در کشورهای عضو اوپک

نوع مقاله : مقالات پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• فرزانه احمدیان یزدی ¹
• محمدحسین مهدوی عادلی ²

¹ دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

² دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

https://doi.org/10.22067/erd.v22i9.36204

چکیده

سرمایه انسانی یا به عبارتی کیفیت نیروی کار و یا دانش نهادینه شده در بشر یکی از موضوعات مهم در دهه اخیر می باشد، زیرا توجه به این سرمایه، می تواند باعث افزایش تولید و رشد و توسعه اقتصادی کشورها گردد. از این رو در این مقاله به بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر انباشت سرمایه انسانی با تأکید بر نقش فراوانی منابع طبیعی، برای منتخبی از کشورهای عضو سازمان اوپک طی دوره زمانی 2000-2012 پرداخته شده است. بدین منظور از الگوی سرمایه انسانی آرتورو (2001) استفاده شده است و با توجه به ماهیت طبیعی کشورهای مورد مطالعه، متغیر رانت نفت که به عنوان شاخصی برای فراوانی منابع نفتی در نظر گرفته شده، به آن اضافه شده است. به منظور تخمین ضرایب معادله طراحی شده، از روش داده های تابلویی (مقطعی و سری زمانی) بهره گرفته شده است. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده از تخمین معادله، متغیر فراوانی منابع دارای اثر منفی بر انباشت سرمایه انسانی می باشد؛ به این ترتیب که ضریب مربوط به آن برابر 11/0- شده است. از این رو رانت عظیم به دست آمده از صادرات نفت در کشورهای مورد مطالعه نه تنها موهبتی برای آنها محسوب نمی شود بلکه در بلندمدت منجربه کندی رشد اقتصادی این کشورها نیز خواهد شد. ارتباط میان متغیرهای امید به زندگی و رشد اقتصادی با سرمایه انسانی نیز مطابق مبانی نظری موجود، مثبت می باشد و ضرایب به دست آمده برای این دو متغیر به ترتیب 84/1 درصد و 26/0 درصد می باشد.همچنین نتایج حاکی از این مطلب هستند که رشد جمعیت دارای تأثیر منفی برابر با 08/0- درصد بر انباشت سرمایه انسانی در این کشورها می باشد؛از این رو اتخاذ سیاست رشد جمعیت نمی-تواند منجربه بالا رفتن سرمایه انسانی در این کشورها گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• سرمایه انسانی
• فراوانی منابع
• رانت نفت
• روش داده های تابلویی

عنوان مقاله [English]

The relationship between resource abundance and human capital for OPEC countries

نویسندگان [English]

• Farzaneh Ahmadian Yazdi ¹
• Mohammad Hossein Mahdavi Adeli ²

¹ Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

² Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

چکیده [English]

Human capital (labor quality or knowledge embedded in human beings) is one the important issues in recent decade, because concentrating on this kind of capital can improve products and can make economic growth and development. This study has been investigated effective factors on human capital, emphasis on resource abundance for OPEC countries in period 2000-2012. To achieve that object, Arturo human capital’s model has been utilized; also according to economic nature of these countries, oil rent variable has been added to this model. For estimating coefficients, panel data method has been used. Based on results, resource abundance has negative effect on human capital accumulation, thus the coefficient is equal to -0.11. There for the more oil rent will lower the economic growth in these countries. Also based on results, the relationship between life expectation and economic growth and human capital is positive and the coefficients are 1.84 and 0.26. In addition to those results, population growth has negative effect on human capital accumulation; its coefficient is equal to -0.08. So population growth policies can’t be suitable for OPEC countries because such policies can’t improve human capital in such countries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Human Capital
• Resource Abundance
• Oil Rent
• Panel Data

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